Friday, December 13, 2024

Jouhikko project part 4: Finishing (temporary, no pictures)

 

The cedar tops on my instruments from (website) are beautiful, but the downside of them is, they’re very soft. I had good success repairing a file mark in the top of the soundboard, and though I matched up the grain rather well, it was still very obvious as the only feature on the face of the instrument. So, while I hadn’t originally planned on heavy ornamentation, the decision was made for me. Nobody is going to look at the screwup if there’s pretty pictures next to it!

While I was considering my options, it occurred to me that I probably should have planned for ornamentation the whole time in the name of authenticity. The “oh look at the pretty wood” mindset is to some extent modern. Many wooden items found in graves are made of woods that would have been imported, like beech, so of course people of the time also appreciated a nice *exotic* wood. But that doesn’t mean that they forewent ornamentation in the name of showing the wood off. For them, wood was what you made everything out of, and keeping it plain meant you didn’t have the time or expertise to do anything else to it; so simply being wooden wasn’t very interesting. Nowadays, where our lumber is frequently terrible, carpentry is a niche skill, and cheap items are made of plastic, clean work and a good polish is enough to be impressive.

So we see the decoration-heavy mindset in the Trossingen lyre, which has a scene of a shield wall kolrosed into the face, along with an ornamental pattern. Kolrosing is much like scrimshaw conceptually - one scratches the design into the wood and then applies pigment into the scratches.

I decided that a nearly finished lyre would be the wrong time to learn yet a new process, so I stuck to what I knew and broke out the woodburner. The original design wouldn’t fit my instrument, nor would it make sense held vertically, so I forged my own path. On the top, where I had the most canvas, I put my Ringerike-style hippogriff design. This was a bit of a challenge, as this was the smallest I’ve drawn it by hand. On either side of the tailpiece, I grabbed a piece of border art from Jonas Lau Markussen, who has a lot of great resources on Viking and Anglo-Saxon art.

Once the wood burning was done, I cleaned it up with 800 grit sandpaper, then moved up to 2000 grit and applied Danish oil before a final polish and oil with 3000 grit. I was pleased to get at least a little chatoyancy from the maple and some fun grain structure.

I wanted to do something special for the tailpiece, so I got a very nice size antler shovel from Scene of the Crash reindeer farm. I cut the shape out on the scroll saw, thinned it out, and drilled holes for the tailgut and fine tuners. While the fine tuners aren’t exactly period, they save so much sanity versus pure friction pegs. Three circle-dot motifs, added with my modified screwdriver, complete the look. This was actually the first piece I finished, even before I bought the wood.

Modern lyre players recommend nylon for the tailgut, since it isn’t sensitive to humidity. Many luthiers opt for paracord. If you have an unobtrusive color, this can look fine, but I decided to be different and did a ten-strand fingerloop braid of artificial sinew. Since this is waxed nylon, it would stay put just as well as the paracord with a hopefully less modern look.

The first iteration bridge was cut from 3/16” maple and tapered down in a simplified version of a violin bridge. Period bridges, such that we’ve recovered, are frequently quite thick and are sometimes made of amber. However, a massive bridge also noticeably dulls the sound, so I didn’t want to go that route if I could avoid it.

My strings, as per tradition, are made of twisted horsehair. I really wanted black horsehair, which is coarser and more textured, but that was out of stock, so I stuck with bleached. My mentor has a video demonstrating the process (in nylon) much better than I can type it out here:


The bow was another sentimental piece. Constructing a simple, untensioned bow is all about finding the right stick. In this case, a willow branch is ideal - light, strong, stiff, and the right diameter directly off the tree. I went to the Fuller Lakes trailhead, which was where I did a three-generation camping trip as a young teenager. A ways off the trailhead, to the side of the road where nobody goes, was the Perfect Stick- half an inch wide at the base with a gradual taper, with smooth bark, only a few tiny leaf buds, and growing more or less straight up.

In lieu of steam bending, I just boiled the end until it took a curve by tightening some paracord around a roll of duct tape. Taking the bark off was initially an accident. I tried to clean my cut edge and accidentally removed a strip, so I just kept going and found I liked the texture. To mount the hair, I cut a slit in either end of the stick, knotted the hair on either side, and wrapped some bark around the ends with some liquid hide glue over top to secure everything. Gentle application of a flame helped to tighten stray hairs that didn't want to maintain tension.

The biggest adventure at this stage was after assembly, trying to figure out string diameters, bridge weights and proportions, and all the other variables turning a weird box into an instrument. I eventually settled on a thin, wide bridge that somewhat evokes the original, and replaced the tailgut with a six strand braid. I’m mostly happy with the sound, though still the D string has some kind of resonance that makes it louder than the others. I may need to give it a still thinner string to reduce the tension, or maybe the problem is structural - the instrument itself seems to resonate at specifically D3. But for now it’s under control enough to sound decent, and I’ll see whether anything similar happens on the tagelharpa.

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